African-American History Timeline 1940 to 1949

In 1941, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802, which desegregated war production plants and also established the Fair Employment Practices Committee. This act set the stage for a decade filled with African-American firsts in the U.S. Armed Services.   1940 February 23: Hattie McDaniel (1895–1952) becomes the first African-American to win an Academy Award. McDaniel wins the best supporting actress award for her portrayal of a slave in the film, Gone with the Wind. March 1: Richard Wright (1908–1960) publishes the novel, Native Son. The book became the first bestselling novel by an African-American author. June: Dr. Charles Drew (1904–1950) graduates from Columbia University and his doctoral thesis, Banked Blood: A Study in Blood Preservation is published. Included is Drews research discovering that plasma can replace whole blood transfusions; he would go on to set up the first blood banks. October 25: Benjamin Oliver Davis, Sr. (1880–1970), is appointed a general in the U.S. Army, becoming the first African-American to hold the position. The NAACP Legal Defense Fund is established in New York City. 1941 March 19: The Tuskegee Air Squadron, also known as the Tuskegee Airmen, is established by the U.S. Army. June 25: Franklin Delano Roosevelt issues Executive Order 8802, desegregating war production plans. The Order also establishes the Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC). November 12: The National Negro Opera Company is established in Pittsburgh by opera singer Mary Lucinda Cardwell Dawson. The Great Migration continues as African-Americans from the South come North and West to work in factories. 1942 January 1: Margaret Walker (1915–1998) publishes her poetry collection For My People while working at Livingstone College in North Carolina, and wins the Yale Series of Younger Poets Competition for it later that year. James Farmer Jr., George Houser, Bernice Fisher, James Russell Robinson, Joe Guinn, and Homer Jack found the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in Chicago. June: The Montford Point Marines are established by the U.S. Marine Corps as the first African-American men accepted into a segregated training camp. July 13: Charity Adams Earley (1918–2002) is the first African-American woman commissioned officer in the Womens Army Auxiliary Corps (WAACs). September 29: Hugh Mulzac  (1886–1971) is the first African-American captain in the U.S. Merchant Marines when he is made captain of the SS Booker T. Washington, after he insisted it should include an integrated crew. 1943 March: The first African-American cadets graduate from the Army Flight School at Tuskegee University. April: The Tuskegee Airmen fly their first combat mission in Italy. June 20–22: An estimated 34 African-Americans are killed during the Detroit Race Riots. 15 October: The largest concentration of African-American military personnel is stationed at Fort Huachuca in Arizona. In total, there are 14,000 African-American soldiers from the 92nd Infantry as well as 300 women from the 32nd and 33rd companies of the Womens Army Auxiliary Corps. 1944 April 3: The U.S. Supreme Court declares that white-only political primaries are unconstitutional in the Smith v. Allwright case. April 25: The  United Negro College Fund  is established by Frederick Douglass Patterson (1901–1988) to provide support to historically black colleges and universities and well as its students. November: The Reverend Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. (1908–1972), the pastor of Abyssinian Baptist Church, is elected to the US Congress, where he would serve until 1970. 1945 June: Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (1912–2002) is named commander of the Goodman Field in Kentucky, becoming the first African-American to command a military base. November 1: The first issue of Ebony magazine is published, founded by John H. Johnson (1918–2005), and developed by his Chicago-based Johnson Publishing Company. 1946 June 3: The U.S. Supreme Court rules that segregation on interstate bus travel is unconstitutional in Morgan v. Virginia. October 19: After a 13-week gig hosting the Kraft Music Hall radio program, Nat King Cole (1934–1965) and his trio begin the first African-American network radio series, King Cole Trio Time. October: Fisk University appoints its first African-American president, sociologist Charles Spurgeon Johnson (1893–1956). That same year, Johnson becomes the first African-American president of the Southern Sociological Society. 1947 April 11: Jackie Robinson becomes the first African-American to play major league baseball when he is signed to the Brooklyn Dodgers. October 23: W.E.B. Du Bois (1868–1963) and the NAACP submit an appeal for redress for racism entitled An Appeal to the World: A Statement of Denial of Human Rights to Minorities, to the United Nations. Historian John Hope Franklin (1915–2009) publishes From Slavery to Freedom. It will become the most popular African-American history textbook to be published and still highly respected. 1948 July 26: President Harry Truman issues Executive Order 9981, desegregating the armed forces. August 7: Alice Coachman Davis (1923–2014) wins the high jump at the Olympics in London, England, becoming the first African-American woman to win an Olympic Gold medal. September: Sugar Hill Times, the first African-American variety show, an all-black, hour-long variety program, debuts on CBS. Comedian and bandleader Timmie Rogers (1915–2006) leads the cast. October 1: In Perez v. Sharp, the Supreme Court of California finds the law banning interracial marriages violates the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution and strikes it down. It is the first court in the 19th century to do so. E. Franklin Frazier (1894–1962) becomes the first African-American president of the American Sociological Society. 1949 June: Wesley A. Brown (1927–2012) becomes the first African-American to graduate from the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis. October 3: Jesse Blayton Sr. (1879–1977) launches WERD-AM, the first African-American owned radio station in the United States. The station is broadcast out of Atlanta. American bacteriologist William A. Hinton (1883–1959) is promoted to Clinical Professor att he Harvard University Medical School, the first black professor in the history of the University.

Shakespeare s King Lear And Marlowe s Doctor Faustus

Shakespeare’s King Lear and Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus are two examples of early modern texts, one a tragedy and the other a morality play respectively, which deal with the theme of power at the crux of its narrative. Between both texts it is evident that different characters utilize their power or authority differently – some ‘unwisely’ whilst some ‘maliciously’. In either case, the use of power progresses the plays and drives the majority of main characters. To begin with, both plays incorporate the conventions of an Aristotelian tragedy. One of Aristotle’s primary conventions of a tragedy in his Poetics, is the notion of hamartia where: A man not outstanding in virtue or justice, brought down through vice or depravity, who falls into adversity not through vice or depravity but because he errs in some way (Aristotle 2013, p. 32) It can be argued that both Lear’s and Faustus’ hamartia are intertwined in one way or another with power. Lear’s ‘error of judgement’ is his hubris when he asks his daughters who ‘doth love us most’ so he can split up his kingdom so the ‘largest bounty may extend where nature doth with merit challenge’ (Shakespeare 2004, 1.1.50-52). Pride and vanity leads him to test his daughters and distributing his kingdom. This is ultimately the starting point leading to the tragic consequences at the end of the play. Similarly, Faustus shows excessive ambition in regards of knowledge and power – ‘O, what a world of profit and delight, of power, of honor, ofShow MoreRelatedThe Reign Of Queen Elizabeth I And The Elizabethan Era1787 Words   |  8 Pagesbeginning of the Elizabethan theatre which still to this day influences theatre and the way theatre is presented . The Elizabethan Era began in 1588 and ended in 1603 during Queen Elizabeth I reign England s capital and largest city, London grew to about two hundred thousand people. London s population was divided into three main sections a small but powerful population of wealthy nobles, a prospering middle class, and a large and impoverished lower class living in miserable conditions. In theRead Moreâ€Å"the Spirit of Renaissance and Elizabethan Era†5448 Words   |  22 Pagescentury to the early 17th century. It is associated with the pan-European Renaissance that many cultural historians believe originated in Tuscany in the 14th century. This era in English cultural history is sometimes referred to as the age of Shakespeare or the Elizabethan era, the first period in English and British history to be named after a reigning monarch. Renaissance literally means rebirth. It refers especially to the rebirth of learning that began in Italy in the fourteenth

Leadership Perceptions of Effective Leadership

Question: Describe about the Leadership for a Perceptions of Effective Leadership. Answer: Leadership is an art, skill or quality that allows the leader to do the right thing that could help a company or any concern to achieve its goal. A leader can create an inspiring vision and motivates his subordinates or team members to work to visualize this vision (Northouse, 2015). He can consolidate a team and maximize the efficiency of the team. This essay will discuss various situation and people who use different style of leadership to get their work don effectively (Renko et al, 2015) A chief of a fundraising campaign should follow a participative leadership. A chief of a fundraising campaign needs to engage themselves in all the activities that are involved in a fundraising campaign. He needs to check the day-to-day operations, recruitment and management of the staff. He also needs to coordinate and implement the operations of the campaign. He needs to invest his resources in time and energy to create and manage the budget for the campaign. The major skills that make them successful are excellent organizational skills, balanced temperament, good communication skills and top of that leadership quality. The chief of the fundraising campaign must keep a check on the finance director, press secretary, field operation manager, campaign treasurer, the IT team, and other staff. He needs to make sure all the teams are working according to the plan and strategy (Wilson Thompson, 2014). There are situations when the chief of the fundraising campaign has to meet undesirable situations that might be adverse for the image of the campaign. In a situation when there are negative rumors about the campaign like mismanagement of the funds that were gathered in the previous fundraising campaign. Then investors might back out of the event, and the whole campaign might jeopardize. The chief has to gather his team quickly and chalk out a plan to combat the situation. He has pay heed to every team member so that he would be able to comprehend the perspective of every member. This exercise will enable him to formulate a concrete strategy to battle with this sticky situation. Hearing the opinion of at least one member from every department will enable him to understand the strength and weakness of the teams and formulate the plan accordingly. He can make sure that the IT team searches the people who have initiated the dissemination of the rumor on social media. The new media team will negate the rumors and pacify the masses on social media. Chief has to sit with the legal department to come up with the legal stance they can take against the people who have initiated the rumor (Kara et al., 2013). A participative leadership style will help the chief to make decisions by allowing his several departments to give inputs, get the clear picture of the situation, and come up with ideas to handle the situation. This style of leadership reflects that the chief beliefs in every member of his team and this, in turn, boost the morale of the team. The team gets motivated to work harder and give every idea that might be instrumental in solving the situation in a better way. The chief will be able to establish open communication among the team members and earn the faith of the team that will positively help the team to survive any storm that comes the way of the fundraising campaign (Cunningham, Salomone Wielgus, 2015) A prison officer should follow the autocratic style of leadership. This style of leadership will help the prison officer to make the decision alone without any interference by others. The responsibilities of a prison officer include many activities that need to be regulated with absolute authority. The supervision, management and the control of the prisoners that too lawfully, safely and securely comes under the duties of a prison officer. He needs to check the whether the staff is performing their responsibilities and duties properly. He needs to check the daily activities of the prisoners and review it on a timely basis. In short, he is responsible all the activities performed or happening with the prison premises (Bhatti et al., 2012). Prison officers often need to tackle various kinds of situation, which are tricky to handle. One such situation is to deal with the temperament of the notorious prisoners. Prison officer needs to ensure that the prisoners do not involve in activities like bullying, assaults, substance misuse and self-harm. They prison officer needs to handle these situations strictly and then report it to the higher authorities. He needs to review the incidents and the ones involved in the time-to-time basis. In such situations, the prison officer needs to firm in his decision and make sure that his decision is the last word for the staff and prisoners. All the staff and the prisoners have to follow the directives by the prison officer. Anyone not abiding by the directives provided by the prison officer should be reported, and strict actions should be taken against them (Kinnunen, Feldt Mauno, 2016). A prison officer should authoritatively maintain the discipline within the prison. He should assert his decisions on his staff and prisoners. The staff or the prisoner will not be able to influence him. The reason is that this will assert his authority, and everyone is going to listen to him without questioning. It is critical for his staff and prisoners to obey his command to maintain the discipline. His job is to control and maintain discipline in the prison. He does not need to motivate his prisoners. In fact, the prisoners should not take him lightly and for that purpose, the prison officer needs to maintain his authoritative leadership in the prison premises. The prison officer is not there to motivate the prisoners. He does not need to fear that by following this (Aktas, Gelfand Hanges, 2015) CEO of a multi-national company should follow the transformational leadership style. A CEO has to take all the important decision for the company. He is responsible for the future course of the company in all the countries the company is operating. The CEO is responsible for all the success and the failure of the company. He needs to formulate strategies along with his team. All the departments- from HR to finance to marketing and the others- comes under his jurisdiction. He needs to formulate plans that are going to affect all the departments positively and consequently maximize the efficiency of the employees and the company. He has to check whether the plans and strategies formulated are effective implemented. He is needed to check that the plans percolate to the bottom most level of the company. He needs to keep his subordinates motivated and optimistic about their work (Choudhary, Akhtar Zaheer, 2013). A CEO needs to keep calm and handle all the situations faced by the company and the employees. In times of adverse situation like the decline in sales in a particular country in which the company operates, CEO needs to identify the reasons for the situation. He needs to assess the situation and formulate strategies and plans accordingly. Finally, he needs to look after that the plans are implemented as planned. He needs to motivate his employees that this is just a phase that would pass. He needs to work on his marketing team conduct survey and research to know the roots of the situations (Garca-Morales, Jimnez-Barrionuevo Gutirrez-Gutirrez, 2012). A CEO should always communicate with his subordinate and try to figure out their problems, issues or opinions within the company. He needs to know all that is happening in the company to be able to understand the situation and current position of the company (Snaebjornsson Edvardsson, 2013). Only then, he will be able to find a solution to the problems that are prevalent in the company. He needs ti innovate ideas and give direction to his subordinates to be able to guide them to achieve the optimum output from them. He needs to work to increase the productivity and create the brand of the company. This will help him to meet his goals. If the CEO can win the confidence of his employees, he will be able to minimize employee turnover. He will be able to create a healthy working environment within the company. He needs to take new initiatives to for the company and use the resources of the company efficiently. This will yield the optimum results for the company (Liu et al., 2013). This essay can be concluded on the note that various situations call for various leadership styles. Every sphere in the professional fields requires a different type of leader. A chief of fundraising campaign has to follow participative leadership style to be able to handle various situations and work along with his teammates. However, a prison officer has to follow an autocracies approach of leadership, as he cannot allow the staff and the prisoners to influence him in any way. Meanwhile, a CEO of the multinational company has to follow a transformational leadership style. He needs to be innovative and keeps his subordinates motivated. Thus adopting a leadership style highly depends on the job and responsibility of the leadership. Reference List Aktas, M., Gelfand, M., Hanges, P. (2015). Cultural tightnesslooseness and perceptions of effective leadership.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 0022022115606802. Bhatti, N., Maitlo, G. M., Shaikh, N., Hashmi, M. A., Shaikh, F. M. (2012). The impact of autocratic and democratic leadership style on job satisfaction.International Business Research,5(2), 192. Choudhary, A. I., Akhtar, S. A., Zaheer, A. (2013). Impact of transformational and servant leadership on organizational performance: A comparative analysis.Journal of Business Ethics,116(2), 433-440. Cunningham, J., Salomone, J., Wielgus, N. (2015). Project Management Leadership Style: A Team Member Perspective.International Journal of Global Business,8(2), 27. Garca-Morales, V. J., Jimnez-Barrionuevo, M. M., Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L. (2012). Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation.Journal of Business Research,65(7), 1040-1050. Kara, D., Uysal, M., Sirgy, M. J., Lee, G. (2013). The effects of leadership style on employee well-being in hospitality.International Journal of Hospitality Management,34, 9-18. Kinnunen, U., Feldt, T., Mauno, S. (2016). Authentic leadership and team climate: testing cross-lagged relationships.Journal of Managerial Psychology,31(2), 331-345. Liu, Z., Cai, Z., Li, J., Shi, S., Fang, Y. (2013). Leadership style and employee turnover intentions: a social identity perspective.Career Development International,18(3), 305-324. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Renko, M., El Tarabishy, A., Carsrud, A. L., Brnnback, M. (2015). Understanding and measuring entrepreneurial leadership style.Journal of Small Business Management,53(1), 54-74. Snaebjornsson, I. M., Edvardsson, I. R. (2013). Gender, nationality and leadership style: A literature review.International Journal of Business and Management,8(1), 89. Wilson, E. R., Thompson, L. (2014). An Examination of How Leadership Style Influences Team Performance through Conflict. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 11101). Academy of Management.

The Connections between the MEAA Code of Ethics and Three Philosophical Traditions

The MEAA code of ethics is based upon the traditional concepts of moral theories. The main concepts of the social contract theory, the utilitarian theory and the virtue theory can be used or explaining the main principles of the journalist professional code and providing a deeper insight into its basic aspects, namely truth telling, respecting the human dignity and the interests of others and taking the responsibility for the outcome of professional activity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Connections between the MEAA Code of Ethics and Three Philosophical Traditions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The social contract theory which was developed by Thomas Hobbes in his work The Leviathan in 1651 justifies the existence of government as a means of protecting the community from the destruction caused by the natural conflicts of interests. Comparing the government to a mythological sea creature, Hobbes and his followers claim that in the primitive condition defined as the state of nature, humans would quarrel and destroy the whole world.[1] Every member of the community has to follow the rules outlined in the social contract for preventing the disaster and securing their survival. The principles of the social contract theory can be applied for explaining the principle of MEAA code of ethics which obliges journalists to disclose the conflicts of interests which can affect the accuracy of their professional activity.[2] Hobbes’ explanation of the basic ethical forms as the necessary means for preserving the peaceful coexistence of all individuals is relevant to the journalists’ ethical code because of their professional role in the community. The utilitarian moral theory which was formulated by Bentham and presented in his Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation in 1789 evaluates every human action through determining the usefulness of its outcome. Using the r ationale for evaluating the moral actions through measuring the pleasures and pains cause by them, this theory is also known as the utilitarian calculus.[3] Bentham’s theory was criticized as Godless and skeptical because of its rejection of more traditional moral principles. The mechanism of the utilitarian calculus can be used for complying with the principle of MEAA code of ethics which says that journalists should not exploit people’s ignorance of the media practice.[4] Thus, in every individual situation, journalists should evaluate the possible outcomes of their professional activities, taking into account all the pleasures and pains caused by their professional to all the sides of the process. The virtue theory can be regarded as one of the oldest with its roots going to the ancient Greek philosophy, for example, Sophocles’ tragedy Oedipus Rex, showing the negative consequences of the main character’s moral decay. The virtue theory was developed by Aristotle, particularly in his work The Nichomachean Ethics in which he defines the main eleven virtues as the means for controlling the human desires and avoiding the negative effects of going to the extremes.[5]Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Treating the moral virtue as the central concept of ethics, Aristotle explains its value for defining and avoiding the hazards of excess or deficiency of certain qualities. The virtue theory can be applied for explaining the importance of the principle of fair correction of errors as a method of continuing self-improvement and development of virtue qualities and achieving the end goal of happiness.[6] The principles of truth telling, showing respect for human dignity, treating other people’s interests equally to your own and selecting the responsible means for obtaining and using the materials as the main underpins of journalistic eth ical code can be explained through the implementation of the main concepts of the three above-mentioned moral theories. Thus, the social contract theory would explain the importance of truth-telling in terms of observing one of the conditions of the agreement and preventing the conflicts. The utilitarian theory allows using the utilitarian calculus for measuring the pains and pleasures of using the verified and trustful information in every individual situation. According to the virtue theory, truth telling can be defined as a moral virtue itself which is important for the journalist’s spiritual growth and approaching his/her personal happiness as the end goal of every person’s existence. The aspect of showing the respect for human dignity can be justified by the basic principles of the moral theories. Thus, in terms of the social contract theory, this principle can be interpreted as an obligatory condition required for fulfilling he professional functions without offe nding somebody’s feelings and consequently preventing the possible conflicts. The utilitarian approach can be used for explaining the benefits of showing the respect for the dignity of others, including the colleagues, interviewees and participants of journalist surveys. Measuring the benefits of preserving good relationship and doing no harm against the reduction of the chances to capture the audience’s attention and bearing in mind the above-mentioned aspect of telling the truth, professionals will be able to improve the outcome of their activities and find the moral justification for their decisions.[7] The virtue theory would explain the importance of respecting human dignity as one of the moral virtues required for not going into the extremes of hurting somebody’s dignity or overemphasizing the role of the respondents’ feelings in case if telling the truth would hurt them to certain extent. The aspect of treating the interests of other people equally with their own is important for complying with the journalist ethical code and celebrating the moral values in professional experience. The social contract theory would view this principle as the necessary condition for ensuring the peaceful interaction of journalists with their colleagues, employers and the community in general. For example, plagiarizing and distorting the facts for the purpose of receiving the gains at the expense of others is inadmissible for the journalist professionals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Connections between the MEAA Code of Ethics and Three Philosophical Traditions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The utilitarian theory allows evaluating the positive and negative consequences of making a concrete professional decision, taking into account the significance of treating the others’ interests equal to their own. The virtue theory would define account of the interests o f other members of the community as the virtue of altruism required for making the professional activity a part of the overall life strategy for achieving the primary goal of happiness. The aspect of taking the responsibility for the effects of professional activity by implementing the most appropriate strategies can be justified by the moral theories. Hobbes’ social contract theory would explain this aspect with the importance of predicting the consequences of one’s actions for minimizing the risks of conflicts and preserving the peaceful coexistence of the community members through their collaborative efforts. The utilitarian theory allows weighing all pros and cons of implementing the fair and honest methods in every individual situation. However, the results achieved from the utilitarian calculus will not diminish the importance of following this principle of the ethical code, but rather would provide the rationale for acting in accordance with the code. Regarding the virtue theory, it would appraise fair methods as the only possible way of achieving success in not only professional domain but also personal development. In general, it can be concluded that the traditional concepts of moral theories are preserved in the journalist ethical code, and the social contract, utilitarian and virtue theory can be applied for explaining the importance and benefits of ethical conduct in professional environment. Reference List Fieser, J 2001, Moral philosophy through the ages, Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain View. Rachels, J Rachels S 2006, The elements of moral philosophy, McGraw-Hill, New York. Research Journalism, MEAA code of ethics. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Footnotes Fieser, J 2001, Moral philosophy through the ages, Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain View, 94. Research Journalism n.d., MEAA code of ethics, Fieser, 194. MEAA code of ethics Fieser, 36. MEAA code of ethics Rachels, J Rachels S 2006, The elements of moral philosophy, McGraw-Hill, New York, 147. This essay on The Connections between the MEAA Code of Ethics and Three Philosophical Traditions was written and submitted by user Triston Vega to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Pros and Cons of Science and Technology free essay sample

The outcomes of scientific and technological research have strongly influenced civilization throughout history. It is evident that the applications of the two have been both beneficial and unsuited to human society simultaneously. Although science and technology have greatly contributed to elevating the quality of life, especially in the areas of geology and communication, it has also negatively impacted the world through its misuse. In ancient times, people relied on sorcerers and witch doctors to explain why many natural disasters occurred. Whenever a volcano erupted, or an earthquake occurred, it was often believed that the gods were enraged. Sometimes, many innocent people were terribly sacrificed to appease the gods’ wrath. Appeasing the supernatural forces, which could either wipe out entire villages or grant bountiful crops through natural disasters, was a sacred duty in many ancient societies. Ritual sacrifices were considered necessary for this propitiation and for maintaining a proper reciprocal relationship between humans and the supernaturals. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Science and Technology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thankfully, technology can now be used to understand, predict, and explain many of these natural phenomenons, and this ultimately alleviate the loss of lives and commodities. Communication has evolved over the centuries from signals and pictures to written words and the spoken language. With language, any message, no matter how complex, can be conveyed between people over a limited distance. For many people, communicating with family used to mean sending cards and letters through the mail and getting no response until weeks later. For the past decade, technology has transformed the way people communicate, in part due to the advent of the Internet. Instead of mailing letters, people are writing e-mails and greeting cards that can be sent instantly to one or more recipients. Many people have already gotten rid of their land-line phones and replaced them with mobile phones, even smart phones. Free video calls can be placed to anyone in the world over the Internet by using Skype and a headset. Mobile phones have become a stroke of luck, letting individuals call others no matter where they are. Society has become so dependent on technology to the point that people frequently cease to think before they take actions. It is absolutely normal for individuals to become impatient if it takes more than a few seconds to download a file, or load a webpage. They expect immediate responses to their emails, and they expect someone to answer their cell phones wherever and whenever they call. Regardless, industrialization resulted in rapid and sustained economic growth and a massive increase in goods; yet, for many people, it created a thoroughly unpleasant and stressful work environment. Also, before the advent of television, cellular phones, and the Internet, people found creative ways to communicate and enjoy time with friends and families. Today, many of these ancient methods embodied by those traditional families have almost disappeared because of the overindulgence in technology. The avid appetite for technology such as phones, iPods, handheld game players and portable computers are consuming people’s time and energy. Rather than interacting face to face with friends, family and acquaintances, people are opting for the convenience of impersonal communication through technology. Many individuals are parallel playing like toddlers, disassociating themselves from others in the creating of uncommitted, emotionless relationships. For a very long time, it has been true that civilization has fashioned weapons of war. Guns, swords, and other weapons exhibited the use of science and technology for military purposes. At the turn of the 20th century, the dangers of these weapons were exposed, and it was evident that they could lead to our planet’s destruction. Nuclear and chemical weapons endanger the planet’s existence every day, and they are a product of science and technology. Clearly, modern science and technology has its fair share of advantages and disadvantages on modern society. From the invention of both simple and complex machines, people have gained a better understanding of the world and how it functions, and have devised innovative means to survive. Advances in the areas of geology and communication are just two areas that reveal the benefits and efficiency of modern technology. On the flip side, civilization has been negatively affected through science and technology because they have been constantly misused. If society would collapse in the future, it is certain that science and technology would play a role in the collapse. It is unclear whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, but time will tell the answer.

American Providentialism Through Eras Essays

American Providentialism Through Eras Essays American Providentialism Through Eras Essay American Providentialism Through Eras Essay American Providentialism through Eras Centuries ago John Winthrop preached on board Arbella to the people full of hopes and desires for their new life. He talked about the beautiful Promised Land and the new paradise on earth. Winthrop’s motivational speech â€Å"A Model of Christian Charity† was supposed to encourage people on board Arbella to fulfill their destiny and create a pure society just like God intended them to. The inhabitants of the New World were chosen by God to create a new society which will serve as an example for the rest of the world. John Winthrop insisted on people being united as one body in Christ through brotherly love for one another and through love for God. â€Å"[T]rue Christians are of one body in Christ (1 Cor. 12). Ye are the body of Christ and members of their part. All the parts of this body being thus united are made so contiguous in a special relation as they must needs partake of each others strength and infirmity; joy and sorrow, weal and woe. If one member suffers, all suffer with it, if one be in honor, all rejoice with it. [T]he ligaments of this body which knit together are love. (Winthrop, 4) At the very beginning of existing of America, the main task of its inhabitants was to be united. Religion was their knitting thread. Since they had not yet formed their laws, they lived according to laws of the Church. America’s destiny was to be â€Å"one nation under God† and God was leading them closer to the fulfillment of this destiny. â€Å"[W]hile the law did not abrogate [their] institutions, and the theocracy to be inaugurated did not supercede them, God was all the time educating them to broader views of their destiny †¦ they were to perform as a chosen people among the nations of the earth. (Pierce, 3) God has chosen the people abroad Arbella to create a nation of all nations and He was along their side in all times. During the Civil War the knitting thread between the people was lost because of different views on the issue of slavery. The northern states wanted to abolish slavery while the southern states were against it. Since Americans could fulfill their destiny only if they are united, they saw the Civil War as the wrath of God towards them for being separated. America was separated into the United States, or the Union, and Confederate States of America, or the Confederacy. â€Å"Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came. † (Lincoln, 1) Lincoln thought that northern states wanted to destroy the Union and that they were ready to fight a war for that cause, while the southern states would do anything to keep the nation united, so they accepted the war to preserve the Union. Lincoln believed that the war was the wrath sent from God because the nation was separated. Americans were supposed to be â€Å"one nation under God† and the war was the punishment for their separation. Lincoln believed in the destiny of his nation and was ready to do anything to unite it again. He agreed on abolishing the slavery to put the nation on the right track again so it can continue on fulfilling its destiny. Providentialism was America’s way of making people to be moral and to do good deeds. It was America’s way of keeping its states united. From Winthrop, through Pierce, to Lincoln American scholars and politicians were promoting providentialism. Some of them maybe really believed America is a nation chosen by God, while some of them just used religion to promote their own politics. 628 Lincoln, Abraham. (1865, March). Second Inaugural Address. Pdf. Pierce, George Foster. (1862, March). The Word of God a Nation’s Life: A Sermon, Preached before the Bible Convention of the Confederate States. Augusta, Georgia. Pdf. Winthrop, John. A Model of Christian Charity. 1630. Pdf.

The Most Important Skills and Values that Children Learn from their Essay

The Most Important Skills and Values that Children Learn from their Parents - Essay Example For many, the first word that is uttered is dada or mama, as they are easy words to enunciate as well as watch their parent’s lips that make the sounds. Learning to speak is the beginning of the lifelong learning process that children go through. Parents have the responsibility to teach their children valuable life lessons. Parents teach their children the value of making and keeping a friend. In this case, the child needs to learn how to introduce themselves, speak calmly, ask them questions and discover another person’s interests. In keeping a friend, often this will include having to say, â€Å"I’m sorry† or telling them â€Å"no† when their friend is wrong. This is extremely difficult for most children to do. Children need to be taught assertiveness over aggressiveness, so that they can communicate with others clearly and calmly. They can learn to negotiate, express themselves and learn to walk away from a bad situation if needed. It is the pare nts’ role to teach their child optimism. It is imperative that the parents teach their children how to think positive thoughts about themselves, know that they are trustworthy and dependable and have a bright future ahead of them. One thing that is difficult for children to understand is the ability to see things from another’s perspective.